pH
The pH value of the soil directly affects the uptake of nutrients through the roots.
In acidic soils with low pH the takeable quantity of copper, manganese, iron, boron and zinc increases;
the takeable quantity magnesium, molybdenum, calcium, phosphorus and potassium decreases. In alkaline soils with high pH, it is difficult to take the micro elements iron, manganese, boron, zinc and phosphorus.

EC, Salt
Insufficient precipitation and high evaporation are the most important causes of salinity in arid and semi-arid climatic regions. Although rare, salinity can be seen in the delta plains on the sides of the ocean due to the effect of the ocean. On the other hand, wrong irrigation practices can cause salinity, especially in places where drainage conditions are bad.
Considering that the world's agricultural lands are limited and the need for food increases exponentially, it becomes clear that at least the existing lands should be used more efficiently. Since it is extremely important to rehabilitate and economically evaluate saline soils, it is necessary to determine the EC and salt content of the soils.

Moisture, Texture Determination
The mechanical composition of the soil, which is a three-phase system, is the part that contains the mineral elements that make up the largest part of the soil mass and shows the constant properties of the soil. Soil texture; It is expressed as the percentage of soil particles of different sizes in a soil. The mineral particles of the soil are a feature that is effective in many issues such as the type of plant to be grown and the amount of fertilizer to be applied according to size, shape, density and chemical composition.

Volume Weight, Particle Density,
Volume weight; changes depending on the structure of the soil, its texture and the degree of compaction.As the soils are compacted, the void volume decreases and hence the volume weight increases. Volume weight, the expression of the amount of water in the soil in terms of volume or depth, is therefore an important parameter used in determining the amount of irrigation water to be applied after the irrigation time has come.

Aggregate Stability
Aggregate stability, which is the measure of the resistance of soils to fragmentation, is determined, and the tendency of soils to erosion and their water resistance are determined.

Lime,
As the amount of lime increases, the pH of the soil also increases.In soils with high lime content, Ca++ cation is dominant up to pH= 8.5. As the Ca++ cation concentration in the soil increases, available phosphorus and iron ions in the environment form insoluble compounds with calcium. In soils with high lime content, yellowing occurs in plants caused by iron deficiency, which is called lime chlorosis. For this reason, the soils grown with lime contents
The lime demands of the plants are evaluated together.

Organic Matter, Total and Useful Nitrogen,
Dead plant and animal wastes are considered as organic matter in terms of agriculture.
In general, the source of organic matter is animal manure (feces), plant roots, branches, leaves, stems, straw, stubble and various organic urban wastes.
Organic matter has many important functions in soils in terms of biological, physical and chemical aspects. It affects many factors such as organic matter, soil structure, texture, aeration, water holding capacity, amount of plant nutrients.

Total and Useful Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Iron, Copper, Manganese, Zinc, Molybdenum, Boron,
The determination of the macro element contents of the soil is of great importance in terms of affecting the yield and yield parameters of the plant to be grown.Factors such as the power of the soil to provide nutrients to the plant, the selection of the plant to be grown, whether there will be a deficiency or not, and the determination of the rate of usefulness of the total nutrients to the plant are examined.

Total and Useful Nickel, Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Arsenic, Chromium
Bhe tolerance of plants to environmental stress factors varies depending on the plant species, the stress factor, the duration of exposure to stress and the structure of the tissue or organ exposed to stress. For this reason, it is necessary to know the response of plants to these stress conditions and the adaptation mechanisms they develop. In order to know the heavy metal toxicity tolerance limits of the plants, the metal type and amount, its usefulness, the severity and type of the damage, and the damage formation process should be taken into consideration. Knowing these features is very important for the development and vitality of plants.